日期:2022/09/06 IAE
Storage to Enable a 100% Renewable Electric Grid
Yet-Ming Chiang
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
用可再生能源代替化石燃料是減緩氣候變化的關鍵途徑。在過去的二十年裡，鋰離子電池技術的顯著創新和規模化生產可以在很大程度上適應風能和太陽能發電的每小時和晝夜變化。然而，可再生能源發電的多日停頓目前挑戰了電網提供穩定（可調度和始終可用）電力的能力。需要經濟實惠且可靠的長期存儲。為了在成本基礎上有效地與天然氣發電競爭，系統級存儲成本需要達到每千瓦時 20 美元或更低。本次演講將比較長時和短時存儲應用的性能要求，包括在短時不可接受的交易可能放寬長時電池。考慮到這些標準，以及對材料可用性和製造可擴展性同樣重要的要求（到本世紀中葉可能需要在全球範圍內達到約 100 TWh 的安裝存儲容量），縮小了技術選擇範圍。其中，可充電鐵空氣電池是一種很有前途的選擇，原因將在演講中詳細說明。
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy is a key pathway to mitigation of climate change. Remarkable innovations in and scaled production of Li-ion battery technology over the past two decades could allow hour-to-hour and day-to-night variability in wind and solar generation to be largely accommodated. However, multi-day lulls in renewable generation currently challenge the electric grid’s ability to provide firm (dispatchable and always-available) power. Affordable and reliable long-duration storage is needed. In order to effectively compete on a cost basis with natural gas generation, system-level storage costs will need to be $20 per kilowatt hour or less. This talk will compare performance requirements for long- and short-duration storage applications, including where trades unacceptable at short-durations may be relaxed for long-duration batteries. Consideration of these criteria, alongside the equally important requirement of materials availability and manufacturing scalability that may need to reach installed storage capacity of ~100 TWh worldwide by midcentury, narrows the technological options. Of these, the rechargeable iron-air battery emerges as a promising option, for reasons that will be elaborated in the talk.
Bio
Yet-Ming Chiang is the Kyocera Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT, where his research focuses on clean energy technologies including non-aqueous and aqueous batteries for transportation and grid-scale storage, and electrochemical production of construction materials. He has brought several laboratory discoveries to commercial implementation, including the development of high-power lithium iron phosphate batteries, a semi-solid electrode approach to low-cost lithium-ion battery manufacturing, and batteries for long-duration grid storage. He has published about 300 scientific articles and holds about 100 issued U.S. patents, of which more than 70 have been licensed to or are held by practicing companies. Chiang is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and Fellow of the Materials Research Society, the American Ceramic Society, and the National Academy of Inventors. His work in energy has been recognized by the World Economic Forum’s Technology Pioneer Award (2016), the Economist’s Innovation Award (Energy and Environment Category, 2012), The Electrochemical Society Battery Division’s Battery Technology Award (2012), and an R&D 100 Editor’s Choice Award (2006). Chiang has co-founded several companies based on research from his MIT laboratory including American Superconductor Corporation (1987), A123 Systems (2001), 24M Technologies (2010), Desktop Metal (2015), Form Energy (2017), and Sublime Systems (2020). He is co-director of the newly inaugurated Center for Electrification and Decarbonization of Industry at MIT.
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