日期:2022/09/10 IAE 報導
核聚變是兩個輕原子核結合形成一個較重的原子核同時釋放大量能量的過程。我們的太陽和其他恆星通過核聚變產生能量。雖然它可能是自然發生的，但我們無法在地球上重現這個過程。然而，最近，德國的等離子體研究設施憑藉其新的核聚變反應堆創下了新紀錄，這表明我們正在向聚變能這一美好目標邁進。讓我們來看看我們如何將核聚變作為一種清潔的可再生能源加以利用。
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核聚變是能源的聖杯。如果成功實施，聚變能源具有成為清潔、綠色和可再生能源的潛力。
聚變將原子連接起來，而不是像核裂變反應堆那樣將它們分開。因此，不會產生危險的放射性廢物。
德國 Max Planet 等離子體物理研究所的科學家們打開了一個實驗反應堆，並在一個裝置中產生了氫等離子體。該設備稱為 Vendel Stein 7x 仿星器。仿星器用於保持通過將氫原子粉碎在一起並用微波對其進行爆破形成的等離子體，直到物質達到 1 億度的溫度，此時原子核融合形成氦。整個過程產生能量並反映太陽核心發生的情況。仿星器的甜甜圈形核心本質上形成了一顆微型恆星。該設備於 2015 年底在馬克斯普朗克研究所首次亮相，證明它可以將氦離子循環保持在原位加熱到 100 萬度的十分之一秒。穿過等離子體的氦離子達到了 4000 萬開爾文的灼熱溫度，比以下實驗中的溫度高 4 倍，當時向 w7x 提供了 18 倍以上的能量。作為參考，太陽表面的溫度僅達到 5505 攝氏度。
聚變能是未來最有前途的能源，因為它不會產生與原子分裂能相同的輻射問題。因此，聚變是最清潔的發電方式。
有兩種類型的機器很有前途，可以讓聚變能源成為未來。 w7x就是其中之一。 MITs Alcator c-mod tokamak 等機器使用的等離子體產生的電磁場，以幫助保持帶電粒子扭動的果凍甜甜圈對齊。伴隨著熾熱的猛烈舞動的粒子云，
燃油噴射產生難以置信的能量。然而，它受到不穩定因素的困擾，使發電成為短暫的事情。同時，像 w7x 這樣的仿星器使用磁線圈組來控制等離子體，從而給予它們更多的控制權，並允許氦膠的熱環旋轉更長的時間，即使它們與託卡馬克 w7x 的 15 米寬機器的輸出不太匹配已顯示為彌合這一差距的方法。
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy. Our sun and other stars generate energy through nuclear fusion. While it might be naturally occurring we haven't been able to recreate the process here on earth. Recently however, Germany's plasma research facility has set a new record with its new nuclear fusion reactor , demonstrating that we are moving closer to the wonderful objective of fusion power. Lets take a look at how we can exploit nuclear fusion power as a clean, renewable source of energy.
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Nuclear fusion is the holy grail of an energy source. Fusion energy has the potential to be a clean , green and renewable source of energy if successfully implemented.
Fusion, connects atoms rather than separating them as nuclear fission reactors do. Thus, no hazardous radioactive waste is produced.
Scientists at Germany's Max Planet Institute for Plasma Physics turned on an experimental reactor and produced hydrogen plasma in a device. This device is called the Vendel Stein 7x stellarator. The stellarator is made to hold plasma formed by smashing hydrogen atoms together and blasting them with microwaves until the matter reaches temperatures of 100 million degrees at which point the nuclei of the atoms fuse to form helium. The entire process generates energy and reflects what occurs at the sun's core. The stellarator's donut shaped core in essence forms a miniature star. The device debuted in late 2015 at the Max Planck institute demonstrating that it could keep a loop of helium ions heated to a million degrees in situ for a tenth of a second. The helium ions racing through the plasma reached a searing at 40 million degrees kelvin, four times hotter than in the following experiments when 18 times more energy was supplied into the w7x. As a point of reference, the sun's surface only reaches a temperature of 5505 degrees celsius.
Fusion energy is the most promising energy source of the future because it doesn't produce the same radiation troubles as atom splitting power. Fusion is therefore the cleanest kind of electricity generation.
There are 2 types of machines that are promising and can make fusion energy the future. The w7x is one of them. The electromagnetic fields generated by the resultant plasma used by machines like MITs Alcator c-mod tokamak , to help keep the writhing jelly donut of charged particles in line. With the hot slam dancing cloud of particles in place,
fuel injection produces incredible amounts of energy. However it's plagued by instabilities that make power generation a fleeting affair. Meanwhile stellarators like the w7x use banks of magnetic coils to contain the plasma giving them more control and allowing the hot ring of helium jelly to swirl for longer periods even though they don't quite match the output of the tokamak w7x's 15 meter wide machine appears to have shown as a method to bridge that gap.
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Why The Sun Keeps Shining: Fusion and Quantum Tunnelling｜｜為什麼太陽一直閃耀：聚變和量子隧
你知道最冷的星星不比一杯咖啡暖和嗎？ 我們的太陽比這要熱得多，但它是如何持續燃燒數十億年的呢？ 在量子物理學的幫助下，了解它如何保持發光！
Did you know the coldest star is no warmer than a cup of coffee? Our Sun is far hotter than that, but how has it kept burning for billions of years? Learn how it keeps shining – with a little help from quantum physics!